Chapter 03

Naming Words & Telling a Story

Primary

A naming word — grown-ups call it a noun — names a person, animal, place, or thing. Once you can spot naming words, you have the building blocks to tell a story of your own, with a beginning, a middle, and an end.

At a glance
Core ideaNaming words (nouns) name people, places and things — and give a story its cast.
Key termsCommon noun (any one of a kind) vs proper noun (one special name, capital letter).
You can…Write a three-part story: beginning, a problem in the middle, an end.
Watch outProper nouns keep their capital anywhere in the sentence — Max, not max.
Step 1BeginningWho the story is about and where it happens — the calm setup.
Step 2MiddleA problem or something exciting happens — the story climbs.
Step 3EndThe problem is solved or resolved — the story comes back to calm.
Theory

What a naming word does

A noun names something you could point at, draw, or imagine: a dog, a park, a teacher, a birthday. Nouns come in two kinds:

  • Common nouns — name any one of a kind, and start with a small letter: girl, city, book.
  • Proper nouns — name one special, particular thing, and always start with a capital letter: Maya, London, Monday.

The shape of a simple story

A story has three parts: a beginning (who and where), a middle (a problem or something exciting happens), and an end (how it is solved or how it feels afterward).

BEGINNING MIDDLE (PROBLEM) END
A story climbs like a hill: calm beginning, exciting middle, and a resolved end.
Explanation

Think of nouns as the characters and props of your story — without them, nothing has a name to happen to. If you say "It went to it and got it," nobody understands; naming words fill in who, where, and what: "The fox went to the pond and got a fish."

A story's shape is like a hill: it starts flat and calm (the beginning), climbs up as something exciting or tricky happens (the middle), and comes back down to calm once it's solved (the end). Even a two-minute story can have this shape.

Capital letter clue

If a noun names one special, particular person, place, or thing — a name you'd write on an invitation or a map — give it a capital letter, wherever it sits in the sentence: Priya, Saturday, India.

Practical

Activity: three-sentence story

Worked example

Beginning: A little dog named Max lived on a quiet farm.

Middle: One day, Max chased a rabbit all the way into the dark forest and got lost.

End: He followed his own footprints back home and never chased rabbits again.

Naming words used: dog, Max, farm, rabbit, forest, footprints, home — six common nouns and one proper noun (Max).

Now you try: write your own three-sentence story about a character with a proper-noun name. Circle every naming word when you're done and check that special names have capital letters.

Q&A
Can a naming word be something I can't touch, like "love" or "fun"?

AYes! Those are nouns too — grown-ups call them abstract nouns, because you can't touch or draw them the way you can a dog or a chair, but they still name a thing (a feeling or idea). Love, fun, courage, and friendship are all naming words.

Why does "dog" not need a capital letter but "Max" does?

A"Dog" could mean any dog in the world — it's a common noun. "Max" names one particular dog and no other — it's a proper noun, and proper nouns always get a capital letter, even in the middle of a sentence.

Does every story need a problem in the middle?

AAlmost always — a story without something exciting, surprising, or tricky happening tends to feel flat, like a hill with no climb. Even a small problem (a lost toy, a rainy picnic) gives the story somewhere to go.

Concept mind map

How the ideas connect

Every key idea in this chapter, branching from the core concept — use it to see the whole picture at a glance.

Naming words(nouns)PeoplePlacesThingsAnimalsBeginning-middle-endOne idea persentenceNaming Words & Stories
Infographic

The key facts, visualised

Noun
a naming word for a person, place or thing
Person
nouns like mum, teacher, doctor
Place
nouns like park, school, home
Thing
nouns like ball, cup, tree
Solved examples

Worked problems, step by step

Follow each solution line by line, then try to reproduce it on paper before moving on.

Example 1Find the naming word (noun) in: The girl ran to the park.

  1. A naming word names a person, place or thing.
  2. "girl" names a person and "park" names a place.
  3. Both are naming words in this sentence.

Example 2Write a three-sentence story with a beginning, middle and end about a lost dog.

  1. Beginning: say who the story is about.
  2. Middle: say what happens or what goes wrong.
  3. End: say how it finishes.
Practice problem set

Now you try

Work each one out first, then tap to reveal the worked answer.

1Is "apple" a naming word?
Yes — it names a thing, so it is a noun.
2Name the noun in: A cat sat on the wall.
"cat" and "wall" are both nouns (a thing and a place/thing).
3Is "run" a naming word?
No — "run" is a doing word (a verb), not a naming word.
4Give a naming word for a place.
"school", "park", or "home" — any place noun is correct.
5What are the three parts of a story?
A beginning, a middle and an end.