Chapter 01

Push & Pull, Fast & Slow

Kindergarten
At a glance
Core ideaA push or a pull is a force — a bigger force makes things go faster and farther.
Key termFriction — the rubbing between surfaces that slows moving things down.
You can…Predict which surface lets a toy car roll farther, and why.
Watch outNothing keeps rolling forever on Earth — friction always eats the motion.
Theory

Everything that moves needs a push or a pull

Look around you. A ball doesn't roll by itself — someone gives it a push. A wagon doesn't come to you — someone gives it a pull. A push or a pull is called a force. Big pushes make things go fast. Small pushes make things go slow, or barely move at all.

Things can move fast, like a race car or a cheetah, or slow, like a snail or a turtle. The same toy car can be fast or slow — it depends on how hard you push it!

Push or pull?

Opening a door: is that a push or a pull? Swinging on a swing: someone pushes you from behind. Kicking a ball: that's a push from your foot. Pulling a wagon behind you: that's a pull.

BIG PUSH → GOES FAST & FAR SMALL PUSH → GOES SLOW & NEAR
A bigger push sends the cart farther and faster; a smaller push barely moves it.
Explanation

Why things stop moving

If you roll a ball on the grass, it slows down and stops. Roll the same ball on smooth ice, and it goes much farther before stopping. That's because the ground rubs against the ball and slows it down — that rubbing is called friction. Rough ground (grass, carpet) has more friction. Smooth ground (ice, a polished floor) has less.

A bigger push doesn't just make something go faster — it can also make it go farther before it stops, because it has more "go" stored up in its motion.

Practical

Try it — race a toy car

  1. Find a toy car or a ball and two different surfaces — like a carpet and a smooth floor.
  2. Give the toy the exact same push on the carpet. Watch how far it goes.
  3. Give it the exact same push on the smooth floor. Watch how far it goes now.
  4. Which surface let it travel farther? That's the one with less rubbing (friction)!
  5. Now try a gentle push and then a big push on the same floor. Which one goes faster?

Grown-up tip: a ramp made from a book works too — let a toy car roll down and see how a steeper ramp makes it go faster at the bottom.

Q&A
Is kicking a ball a push or a pull?

It's a push! Your foot pushes the ball away from you.

Why does a ball stop rolling on grass?

The grass rubs against the ball and slows it down. That rubbing is called friction.

What makes a toy car go faster — a big push or a small push?

A big push! The harder you push, the faster it goes.

Name one fast animal and one slow animal.

A cheetah is fast. A snail or a turtle is slow — any sensible animal answer works!

Concept mind map

How the ideas connect

Every key idea in this chapter, branching from the core concept — use it to see the whole picture at a glance.

A pushA pullMoving fastMoving slowThings stopRolling & slidingPush & Pull, Fast & Slow
Infographic

The key facts, visualised

Push
You move something away from you
Pull
You bring something toward you
Fast
Moving a lot in a little time
Slow
Moving a little in a lot of time
Solved examples

Worked problems, step by step

Follow each solution line by line, then try to reproduce it on paper before moving on.

Example 1Your toy car is sitting still. How do you make it go?

  1. It will not move by itself
  2. Give it a push with your hand

Example 2A ball rolls across the floor and stops. Why did it stop?

  1. Nothing kept pushing it
  2. The rough floor rubs and slows it
Practice problem set

Now you try

Work each one out first, then tap to reveal the worked answer.

1Do you push or pull a wagon behind you?
You pull the wagon toward you by its handle.
2Do you push or pull a door to shut it away from you?
You push the door away to shut it.
3Which is faster, a running dog or a walking turtle?
The running dog is faster; it covers more ground in the same time.
4A swing goes back and forth. What makes it start?
A push from behind makes the swing start moving.
5Why does a toy car stop rolling on the carpet?
The rough carpet rubs on the wheels and slows the car until it stops.
6Name one thing you push and one thing you pull each day.
You push a shopping cart and pull a drawer open.