Chapter 02

Money & Buying Things

Kindergarten

Money is what we use to get the things we want and need. Let's find out what money is, and how buying really works.

At a glance
Core ideaMoney is something everyone agrees is worth having, so we can swap it for goods.
Key termPrice — the tag saying how much money a thing costs.
You can…Add up coins to check whether you can afford something.
Watch outNo money, no purchase — save up or pick something cheaper.
Theory

What is money?

Money is something everyone agrees is worth having, so we can use it to get things we want. It comes as coins (like pennies, nickels, dimes and quarters) and bills (paper money, like $1 and $5). When you give the shop money, the shop gives you the toy, food, or thing you picked — that's called buying.

People get money by earning it — doing a job, or doing chores for a grown-up — or sometimes by receiving it as a gift.

Explanation

You need enough money to buy something

Every toy or treat has a price — a tag that tells you how much money it costs. If you don't have enough money, you have two choices: save up more (Chapter 3 is all about this!) or pick something cheaper. Nobody can just take things from a shop without paying — that wouldn't be fair to the shopkeeper, who worked hard to get those things ready to sell.

Practical

Try it: count coins to buy a toy

Step 1 — the priceA toy car costs 50¢ (fifty cents).
Step 2 — the coinsYou have two quarters. Each quarter is worth 25¢.
Step 3 — add them up25¢ + 25¢ = 50¢.
Step 4 — buy it!You have exactly enough. Hand over your two coins and the toy car is yours.
Toy car — 50¢ 25¢ + 25¢ = 50¢ Two 25¢ coins = exactly enough. You can buy the toy!
Adding coins to a price tells you whether you can afford it.
Q&A
Q1Can I use leaves or rocks as money?

Only if everyone agrees to accept them! Money works because shopkeepers trust that a coin or bill will still be worth something tomorrow, and that everyone else will accept it too. That's why countries make special coins and bills that are hard to copy and easy to trust.

Q2What happens if I don't have enough money?

You can't buy that thing yet — but that's okay! You can save up more coins (see the next chapter), ask for it as a birthday gift, or choose something that costs less.

Q3Why can't shops just give things away for free?

The people who made the toy, and the shopkeeper who is selling it, worked hard and spent their own money to have it ready for you. Paying for it is a fair way of saying "thank you" for that work.

Concept mind map

How the ideas connect

Every key idea in this chapter, branching from the core concept — use it to see the whole picture at a glance.

What money isCoins and notesPrice of a thingPaying and changeSwap money forgoodsSave some moneyMoney & Buying Things
Infographic

The key facts, visualised

Money
what we swap to get things we want and need
Price
how much money a thing costs
Change
money handed back when you pay too much
Coins
small round money; notes are paper money
Solved examples

Worked problems, step by step

Follow each solution line by line, then try to reproduce it on paper before moving on.

Example 1A toy costs $3. You give the shopkeeper $5. How much change?

  1. You paid $5 but the toy is only $3.
  2. Change = money given - price = $5 - $3.
  3. That leaves $2.

Example 2An apple is $1 and a banana is $1. Can you buy both with $2?

  1. Add the two prices: $1 + $1 = $2.
  2. You have exactly $2.
  3. So you can pay for both with nothing left over.
Practice problem set

Now you try

Work each one out first, then tap to reveal the worked answer.

1What do we use money for?
To swap it for things we want and need, like food and toys.
2A pencil costs $2. You have three $1 coins. Can you buy it?
Yes -- three $1 coins make $3, which is more than $2, and you get $1 change.
3You give $10 for a $6 book. How much change?
$4 -- because $10 - $6 = $4.
4Why do shops put a price on things?
The price tells you how much money to pay for that thing.
5If you want a $8 toy but only have $5, what can you do?
Save more money until you have $8, then buy it.