Chapter 01

Living or Not Alive?

Kindergarten

Look around you! Some things are alive, like you, a puppy, or a tree. Some things are not alive, like a rock, a chair, or a toy car. Let's learn how to tell them apart.

At a glance
Core ideaA living thing can breathe, eat, grow, move itself and make babies — all on its own.
Key termNon-living — cannot do those things by itself, and never makes more of itself.
You can…Sort any object into "alive" or "not alive" using the five signs.
Watch outLooking alive (a statue) or doing one alive-like thing (fire) is not being alive.
1 Theory

The five signs of being alive

A living thing can do all of these things by itself:

  • Breathe — it takes in air (or, for fish, water) to stay alive.
  • Eat and drink — it needs food and water for energy.
  • Grow — it gets bigger over time, like you have since you were a baby.
  • Move by itself — an animal walks, swims or flies; even a plant slowly turns its leaves toward the sun.
  • Make babies — living things can have young ones like themselves.

A non-living thing cannot do these things on its own — nobody has ever seen a rock have a baby rock!

Breathe Eat & drink Grow Move Make babies
A living thing can breathe, eat and drink, grow, move by itself, and make babies — all on its own.
2 Explanation

The toy car and the dog

A toy car can move — but only if you push it or switch it on. Stop touching it, and it stops forever. A dog can also move — but nobody needs to push it! It moves whenever it wants to, because it is alive and has its own energy from the food it eats. That is the big difference: living things move themselves; non-living things only move if something else moves them.

Key idea

If something needs you to make it go, and stops forever when it breaks, it is probably not alive. If it can eat, grow, and make more of itself, it is alive.

3 Practical

Activity: the Alive-or-Not-Alive hunt

Grab a grown-up and go on a hunt around your home or garden!

  1. Collect. Find 10 different things — some indoors, some outdoors (try a leaf, a spoon, an ant, a pillow, a flower).
  2. Make two piles. Label one "Alive" and one "Not Alive."
  3. Check each one. For every item, ask: does it breathe, eat, grow, move by itself, or make babies?
  4. Sort it. If it does most of those things, put it in the "Alive" pile. If not, put it in "Not Alive."
  5. Count. How many were alive? How many were not? Tell a grown-up why you sorted each one that way.
4 Q&A

Test yourself

Q1 Is the Sun alive?

No. The Sun is bright and hot, but it does not eat, grow the way living things do, or make baby suns. It is a giant ball of glowing gas — not alive, but it gives living things the light and warmth they need.

Q2 Is a tiny seed alive, even though it just sits still?

Yes! A seed looks still and quiet, but it is alive and just resting. Give it soil, water and warmth, and it will grow into a plant — something only a living thing can do.

Q3 Fire moves, grows bigger, and needs "food" (wood) and air. Is fire alive?

No, fire is not alive, even though it seems to do some alive-like things. Fire cannot make baby fires, does not have a body, and does not grow up the way a living thing does — it just spreads. This is a tricky one, and even grown-up scientists agree fire is simply a non-living chemical process, not a living thing.

Q4 A statue of a dog looks just like a real dog. Is it alive?

No. The statue cannot breathe, eat, grow, move by itself, or have puppies — no matter how real it looks. Looking alive is not the same as being alive; what matters is what it can actually do.

Concept mind map

How the ideas connect

Every key idea in this chapter, branching from the core concept — use it to see the whole picture at a glance.

growseats and drinksbreathesmoves by itselfmakes babiessenses thingsLiving or Not Alive?
Infographic

The key facts, visualised

5 signs of life
grow, eat, breathe, move, make babies
A dog
is alive: it eats, grows and moves on its own
A toy car
is not alive: it only moves when we push it
Plants
are alive too, they grow and drink water
Solved examples

Worked problems, step by step

Follow each solution line by line, then try to reproduce it on paper before moving on.

Example 1Is a sunflower alive or not alive?

  1. Does it grow? Yes, from a seed
  2. Does it need water and light? Yes

Example 2Is a rock alive or not alive?

  1. Does it grow? No
  2. Does it eat, move or make babies? No
Practice problem set

Now you try

Work each one out first, then tap to reveal the worked answer.

1Name one thing all living things do.
Living things grow, and they also need food and water.
2Is a fish alive? Why?
Yes, a fish is alive because it moves, eats and grows.
3Is a teddy bear alive?
No, a teddy bear is not alive, it cannot eat, grow or move by itself.
4What does a plant drink to stay alive?
A plant drinks water and soaks up sunlight to live and grow.
5Do living things make babies?
Yes, living things can make young ones, like a cat has kittens.