🎓 Exam scores under three teaching methods
Research question: Do mean exam scores differ between lecture, flipped-classroom and blended teaching? Answer: A one-way ANOVA showed a significant difference in exam score (0–100) between teaching methods, F(2, 87) = 6.55, p = .002, η² = .13. Lecture: M = 61.73, SD = 8.71; Flipped classroom: M = 70.07, SD = 11.97; Blended: M = 69.97, SD = 9.77. Tukey HSD comparisons showed that Flipped classroom was higher than Lecture (p = .006) and Blended was higher than Lecture (p = .007).
Open this example in StatLab Dataset and codebook (CSV, Excel, .sav)
What is the situation?
A secondary-school mathematics department in Selangor tried three teaching methods with three Form 4 classes and wants to know whether end-of-term exam scores differ between them. The data are synthetic — produced by a seeded random process for teaching; they describe no real people or organisations.
What is in the dataset?
90 cases.
| Variable | Label | Measure | Value labels |
|---|---|---|---|
id | Student ID | scale | |
method | Teaching method | nominal | 1 = Lecture, 2 = Flipped classroom, 3 = Blended |
gender | Gender | nominal | 1 = Male, 2 = Female |
score | Exam score (0–100) | scale |
How is it analysed, step by step?
- Explore — Check the shape of the scores in each group and look for outliers (ANOVA assumes roughly normal groups). (guide)
Lecture: M = 61.73, SD = 8.71, median = 61.00, Shapiro-Wilk W(30) = .961, p = .326
Flipped classroom: M = 70.07, SD = 11.97, median = 71.00, Shapiro-Wilk W(30) = .955, p = .236
Blended: M = 69.97, SD = 9.77, median = 69.00, Shapiro-Wilk W(30) = .959, p = .286 - One-way ANOVA — Compare the three means; Tukey HSD shows which pairs differ. (guide)
Levene F(2, 87) = 2.06, p = .134 → equal variances can be assumed. ANOVA F(2, 87) = 6.55, p = .002, η² = .13; Welch F(2, 57.12) = 7.62, p = .001. Tukey HSD: Flipped classroom vs Lecture: difference 8.33, p = .006; Flipped classroom vs Blended: difference 0.10, p = .999; Blended vs Lecture: difference 8.23, p = .007.
How would I write it up (APA style)?
A one-way ANOVA showed a significant difference in exam score (0–100) between teaching methods, F(2, 87) = 6.55, p = .002, η² = .13. Lecture: M = 61.73, SD = 8.71; Flipped classroom: M = 70.07, SD = 11.97; Blended: M = 69.97, SD = 9.77. Tukey HSD comparisons showed that Flipped classroom was higher than Lecture (p = .006) and Blended was higher than Lecture (p = .007).
Every number on this page was computed by StatLab's statistics engine from this dataset when the page was built, and the same analyses are part of the reference validation against scipy/statsmodels (433 reference test cases, 36,554 values checked against scipy/statsmodels/numpy, 0 failures). “Open this example” loads the data and runs these steps live in your browser.